Internt TV Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Internt TV - Assignment Example NBC The methods of delivering a video may change due to technological changes with the passage of time but story-telling via videos like cartoons, movies and news will never change. So, it can be predicted that a company like NBC that is a great media content provider will be able to stay in business. The overall trend of watching a greater part of vide content over the internet is not linked to a small demographic sector of the consumers but it is a rather consistent phenomenon across the globe and is popular among all ages and genders. (Fisher, 2007) As part of the action plan it has been suggested that NBC international should continue selling news and entertainment content to the TV and cable companies until the Internet TV industry becomes mature. However, the content produced by NBC should be compatible to Internet TV, hence, NBC must adapt to new business models in order to go through the transition phase from traditional TV to internet TV. The entire infrastructure and the me dia content should be transformed from traditional contents to digital contents in order to meet the requirements of the future generations of internet TV. It is possible for NBC to broadcast the content over Internet TV in two ways: Live broadcasts and on-demand videos. Using the live broadcasting method, the company can stream its content on their own official website and other internet TV service providers. On the other hand, on-demand video is the preparation of videos in a playlist form which are either hosted by the official website of the company or other channels. Playlists can be planned in different categories in order to cater the needs of different consumer segments like music, business and sports etc. The consumers should be given an opportunity to choose what to watch and when to watch. It has been recommended that NBC should adopt any one of the following types of new revenue streams: Subscription: Subscription fee can be charged either on per video basis or monthly b asis, for on-demand videos without advertisements. Free broadcasting: Using the free broadcasting from its official website or other Internet TV content providers, NBC should keep incorporating small advertisements like the present TV commercials in order to generate revenue. According to my opinion there is no loss expected to NBC in revenue streams, though the revenue generation may slow down a bit during the phase of transition from conventional TV to digital TV. Rogers It has been recommended for Rogers to develop and incorporate a cloud computing mechanism for the transition from traditional TV to Internet TV. With the help of cloud computing, not only a tremendous speed can be achieved but also the entire family would be able to stay online at the same time and watch whatever they want. Rogers should send video content to the cloud server where data would be stored and the internet TV providers will access them and display on request. The main advantage of this would be that t he company will gain revenue from both the consumers and the Internet TV providers. This would not involve any significant equipment costs to the company. The company would not need to manage and upgrade the servers it would be the Internet TV providing companies who will be doing it. The new revenue generation streams for Roger would be fee charged to the consumers for watching the content whereas the loss of revenue

Multiple intelligences Essay Example for Free

Multiple intelligences Essay Multiple intelligences is a theory birthed by Dr. Gardner. It challenged the traditional IQ based education system. Gardner did not approve of the traditional benchmark of education by using IQ. He insisted that this system is narrow in its focus and ignores other intelligences that could be used. The other intelligences are as follows: †¢ Linguistic intelligence which deals with wording and speech †¢ Spatial intelligence which deals with interpretation of pictures and pictorial data e. g. graphs †¢ Musical intelligence †¢ Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence that deals with body understanding †¢ Logical-mathematical intelligence that deals with the reasoning and processing of number information †¢ Interpersonal intelligence dealing with how a person relates to others †¢ Intrapersonal intelligence deals with how a person deals with himself †¢ Naturalist intelligence deals with nature knowledge (Armstrong, 2000) These intelligences are used to gauge a persons inclination and offer alternatives for information ingestion by the brain. As opposed to the traditional IQ method, this presents an opportunity to for the educationist to explore new methods of teaching and exploring the talents of their students. By using the talents of their students, the teachers are able to explore the best methods of teaching for the student (Armstrong, 2000 pg. 110). The implications for teaching are enormous. The teacher is as a result made to use a variety of tools to teach. This makes it easier and more engaging for both the teacher (in creatively looking for solutions) and the pupils (making learning more conceptual and fun). The process also enables the students to discover their talents and inclinations early in life and therefore have a sense of direction in life. If the student is gifted in interpersonal intelligence, the student can start to chart their career path toward this talent and explore fields relevant to this talent (Armstrong, 2000 pg. 109). Another implication is that there is increased academic performance and decreased referrals to special education classes. This happens as the multiple intelligences model of learning in the classroom approaches teaching from the perspective of the student. It focuses on the needs of the student thus is sensitive to the needs of special students, that is, students who were not adequately catered for in the traditional system. This catering is done by identifying the strengths of the students rather than looking at their weakness. The intervention strategies employed by the teacher strengthen the students talents thus giving them better grip on their content. As a result of using strengths to equip these students, the students get a better understanding of the content and therefore do better in class. This leads to better self esteem and image by the students, since they can identify their different talents and successfully use them. The use of these varied talents and identification of their various needs also helps the students learn to appreciate their differences and thus cultivates their tolerance and understanding (Armstrong, 2000 pg. 108-111). In summary, the system allows the student to have personalized attention in terms of diagnosis and learning. Here, the student, not the course content, is king. This allows the student to learn in a way that is best suited for them personally by utilizing their strengths. The strengths and talents discovered help in the process of self-realization and self-esteem building of the student, thus having good emotional spill over effects. Therefore, this process is more advantageous and yields greater results. Part four: journal critique Lujan and DiCarlo (2006) in their discussion on the phenomenon of teaching but no learning cite the use of multiple intelligences as a useful tool in assisting the learning process. They cite that traditional learning methods do not effectively contribute to the learning process. Instead the process frustrates students due to large amounts of information needed in the course and frustration due to the inability to transfer these facts to their memory. The solution according to them is to make the learning process more active and participative. This will require that the teacher becomes more innovative in his methods of teaching. The use of games, music and other interactive methods are cited as helpful in the teaching process. The teachers role should shift from being a passive information transferor to an assistant and tool giver. He or she should offer support to the students to learn and explore by empowering them to be able to creatively solve problems and learn out of their own volition. As very well cited, it is the active learning and information processing rather than the information that is passively received that leads to learning (Lujan and DiCarlo, 2006). The other journal article becoming a truly helpful teacher, Jason (2007) examines how to make the teacher a more supportive person in the classroom environment. The argument of the author is that no matter how high your expertise or good your intentions, the teaching style one uses determines the learning effectiveness. The article is based on the teaching of health courses. These courses tend to be more challenging and exerting than others. He surprisingly suggests that the instructor should seek ways to make the course more challenging as opposed to making it easier. The challenge process, however, is not in a bid to make the course harder. The challenge is in a bid to make the course more attractive and involving for the students. The role of the teacher in such situations is less traditional and needs the full commitment of the teacher. His role becomes facilitating the student to own the course as opposed to viewing the course from the instructors perspective. The truth is that this process is exerting on the teacher and therefore needs commitment and patience on his or her part. The task should be taken in a long-run perspective as opposed to making the short term goal of exam passing. This way, you equip your students for life and obtain a deeper sense of satisfaction (Jason, 2007). Both articles examine the role of the teacher in the learning. They both agree overwhelmingly that the teachers role is increased in the use of active learning as opposed to passive. The teacher must facilitate the process of learning rather than force it using lectures. They both allude to the non-conscious learning principle of using the attitude of both the teacher and the student to influence the learning process. The teacher is a supporter, not forcer, of the information gathering process and is supposed to offer the right tools to the students to achieve this. The use of outside sources is stressed in detail by Lujan and DiCarlo as a resource tool at the teachers disposal. By making the students venture into other information resources, while using the teacher for support, the owning process described by Jason is facilitated. However, Jason also cites the challenging of the students by making the course a bit more difficult while still keeping it fun as a viable method of helping the student gain interest and gain more from the course. References Kaye E. , (1976), Attention and Memory. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Medphys (n. d). Basic Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Brain, Sourced on 21 April 2009 http://74. 125. 47. 132/search? q=cache:29YkK2OXvngJ:www. medphys. ucl. ac. uk/research/borg/homepages/florian/thesis/pdf_files/p25_34. pdf+physiology+of+braincd=2hl=enct=clnkgl=keclient=firefox-a Mark B. , (n. d) Brain Physiology Part One: The Major Structures of the Brain. Sourced on 21 April 2009 http://www. enspirepress. com/writings_on_consciousness/brain_physiology/brain_physiology. html

Australian Wool Industry Essay -- essays research papers fc

INTRODUCTION Australia is the world’s largest wool producing country, and has been for decades. The fine quality of wool from the result of fine breeding has definitely help contribute to the high demand of the wool industry. Much of Australia’s wool has been exported to other countries such as China, Italy, Taiwan, Republic of Korea and France. However, Australia’s wool production has been decreasing for the last 10 years and the demand has been declining because of the other, easier to manage, synthetic fibers and materials that have been introduced to the market. This following report is regarding the changes and effects the wool industry had on Australia in the 19th century, the reasons for the successful development of the wool industry, and also Australia’s current position in wool production. HISTORY – JOHN MACARTHUR The first sheep to arrive in Australia, Botany Bay was in 1788 on the First Fleet, brought by Governor Phillip. The sheep that were brought over were only to be used for food and not for wool production for the new settlement in the newly found country. They had thick, hairy fleeces and small groups of them were brought frequently, however only a few survived the journey and the few that survived were not use to the climatic changes and died soon after. Governor Philip later realised Australia’s soil and climate were better suited for livestock grazing than any farming. So after setting up many farms in 1792 Governor Philip headed back to England and left a temporary governor, Major Francis Grose to replace him until 1794. This was when the significant changes occurred, free settlers were allowed in Australia and officers and officials were given grants of land. John Macarthur, an officer in the New South Wales Corps took advantage of the grants of land, he was the most productive of the officers. He and two of his friends brought several pure blood Spanish Merino sheep to Australia, he then started breeding them some of his mixed breeds. He continued with this practice until he was certain that the result was that the quality of the wool was alike to the wools from Spain and Germany. John Macarthur’s success in fine-wool production gave Australia great wealth. AUSTRALIAN MERINO WOOL Australia produces the world’s best woollen fibre, Australian Merino wool, which is also the main sheep breed in this country (75% are Merino’s ... ...l to profitable levels. The price of broad micron wool has increased and in some cases is equal in amount paid for fine wool. BIBLIOGRAPHY  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2005). The Wool Industry [on-line].Available:http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/cd302ee1b133891eca256f720083301d?OpenDocument  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bird. J, (2005). This Bloody Disgrace is Called Mulesing [on-line]. Available: http://www.animal-lib.org.au/lists/mulesing/mules.shtml  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Curriculum Council. (1977). Australian People 1977. Education Department of Western Australia, Australia  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elders, (2005).Daily Wool Prices. [on-line] Available: http://wool.elders.com.au/viewpdf.asp?PDF=media/reports/Reports_56.pdf  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fleet, M., (2000). Matilda – Australia’s First Cloned Merino [on-line] Available:http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au/pages/showcase/media_releases/2000/matilda.htm:sectID=83&tempID=27  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mooney, J., (2003). Sheep Farming in Australia in the 19th Century [on-line].Available:http://athena.english.vt.edu/~jmooney/3044annotationsp-z/sheepfarming.html Australian Wool Industry Essay -- essays research papers fc INTRODUCTION Australia is the world’s largest wool producing country, and has been for decades. The fine quality of wool from the result of fine breeding has definitely help contribute to the high demand of the wool industry. Much of Australia’s wool has been exported to other countries such as China, Italy, Taiwan, Republic of Korea and France. However, Australia’s wool production has been decreasing for the last 10 years and the demand has been declining because of the other, easier to manage, synthetic fibers and materials that have been introduced to the market. This following report is regarding the changes and effects the wool industry had on Australia in the 19th century, the reasons for the successful development of the wool industry, and also Australia’s current position in wool production. HISTORY – JOHN MACARTHUR The first sheep to arrive in Australia, Botany Bay was in 1788 on the First Fleet, brought by Governor Phillip. The sheep that were brought over were only to be used for food and not for wool production for the new settlement in the newly found country. They had thick, hairy fleeces and small groups of them were brought frequently, however only a few survived the journey and the few that survived were not use to the climatic changes and died soon after. Governor Philip later realised Australia’s soil and climate were better suited for livestock grazing than any farming. So after setting up many farms in 1792 Governor Philip headed back to England and left a temporary governor, Major Francis Grose to replace him until 1794. This was when the significant changes occurred, free settlers were allowed in Australia and officers and officials were given grants of land. John Macarthur, an officer in the New South Wales Corps took advantage of the grants of land, he was the most productive of the officers. He and two of his friends brought several pure blood Spanish Merino sheep to Australia, he then started breeding them some of his mixed breeds. He continued with this practice until he was certain that the result was that the quality of the wool was alike to the wools from Spain and Germany. John Macarthur’s success in fine-wool production gave Australia great wealth. AUSTRALIAN MERINO WOOL Australia produces the world’s best woollen fibre, Australian Merino wool, which is also the main sheep breed in this country (75% are Merino’s ... ...l to profitable levels. The price of broad micron wool has increased and in some cases is equal in amount paid for fine wool. BIBLIOGRAPHY  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Australian Bureau of Statistics, (2005). The Wool Industry [on-line].Available:http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/0/cd302ee1b133891eca256f720083301d?OpenDocument  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bird. J, (2005). This Bloody Disgrace is Called Mulesing [on-line]. Available: http://www.animal-lib.org.au/lists/mulesing/mules.shtml  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Curriculum Council. (1977). Australian People 1977. Education Department of Western Australia, Australia  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elders, (2005).Daily Wool Prices. [on-line] Available: http://wool.elders.com.au/viewpdf.asp?PDF=media/reports/Reports_56.pdf  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fleet, M., (2000). Matilda – Australia’s First Cloned Merino [on-line] Available:http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au/pages/showcase/media_releases/2000/matilda.htm:sectID=83&tempID=27  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mooney, J., (2003). Sheep Farming in Australia in the 19th Century [on-line].Available:http://athena.english.vt.edu/~jmooney/3044annotationsp-z/sheepfarming.html

Golgi apparatus

IntroductionThe Golgi setup ( GA ) , besides called Golgi organic structure or Golgi complex and found universally in both works and animate being cells, is typically comprised of a series of five to eight cup-shaped, membrane-covered pouch called cisternae that look something like a stack of chapfallen balloons. In some unicellular mastigophorans, nevertheless, every bit many as 60 cisternae may unite to do up the Golgi setup. Similarly, the figure of Golgi organic structures in a cell varies harmonizing to its map. Animal cells by and large contain between 10s and 20 Golgi stacks per cell, which are linked into a individual composite by cannular connexions between cisternae. This complex is normally located near to the cell karyon. The Golgi setup processes proteins which are ever focused to the plasma are ever focused to the plasma membrane or endosome. It besides sorts assorted proteins within cysts and helps them to present throughout the cell via endoplasmic Reticulum. Eukaryotic cells are the topographic point where Golgi setup is found. They are besides found largely near heavy protein concentration. Plasma-B cells which secrete protein antibodies have outstanding Golgi setup. Proteins are transported by Golgi setup, but it is non wholly understood about the manner it does it. It is possible that the setup itself moves through cisternae patterned advance, or that proteins diffuse from one cisternae to the following. Golgi setup ‘s operation is the alteration of glycoproteins used in the building of the cell membrane. It takes simplified glycosylated proteins from the cysts and creates a diverseness of saccharide constructions on proteins for a assortment of utilizations. [ 1 ] Morphology The term morphology is by and large attributed to the German poet, novelist, dramatist, and philosopher Johahnn Wolfgang von Goethe ( 1749-1832 ) who coined it early in the 19th century in a biological context. Its etymology is Grecian: morph-means form, signifier, and morphology is the survey of signifier or signifiers. In biological science morphology refers to the survey of the signifier and construction of beings, and geology it refers to the survey of the constellation and development of land signifiers. In linguistics morphology refers to the mental system involved in word formation or to the subdivision. [ 3 ] The Golgi setup Golgi setup was one of the first organelles of all time observed because of it big organelle size and form. In 1897, an Italian doctor named Camillo Golgi investigated and developed Golgi setup. Many scientists did non believe that what Golgi observed was a existent organelle nowadays in the cell and alternatively argued that the evident organic structure was a ocular deformation caused by staining. The innovation of the negatron microscope in the 20th century eventually confirmed that the Golgi setup is a cellular cell organ. The Golgi setup is frequently considered the distribution and transportation section for the cell ‘s chemical merchandises. It modifies proteins and lipoids ( fats ) that have been built in the endoplasmic Reticulum and prepares them for export outside of the cell or for conveyance to other locations in the cell. The cysts fuse with the Golgi membranes and let go of their internally stored molecules into the cell organ. Once indoors, the compounds are farther processed by the Golgi setup, which adds molecules or chops bantam pieces off the terminals. When completed, the merchandise is extruded from the GA in a cyst and directed to its concluding finish inside or outside the cell. The alterations to molecules that take topographic point in the Golgi setup occur in an orderly manner. Each Golgi stack has two distinguishable terminals, or faces. The cis face of a Golgi stack is the terminal of the cell organ where substances enter from the endoplasmic Reticulum for processing, while the trans face is where they exit in the signifier of smaller degage cysts. Consequently, the Commonwealth of Independent States face is found near the endoplasmic Reticulum, from where most of the stuff it receives comes, and the trans face is positioned near the plasma membrane of the cell, to where many of the substances it modifies are shipped. The chemical makeup of each face is different and the enzymes contained in the lms ( interior unfastened infinites ) of the cisternae between the faces are typical. Proteins, saccharides, phospholipids, and other molecules formed in the endoplasmic Reticulum are transported to the Golgi setup to be biochemically modified during their passage from the Commonwealth of Independent States to the trans poles of the composite. Enzymes present in the Golgi lms modify the saccharide ( or sugar ) part of glycoproteins by adding or deducting single sugar monomers. In add-on, the Golgi setup manufactures a assortment of supermolecules on its ain, including a assortment of polyoses. The Golgi composite in works cells produces pectins and other polyoses specifically needed by for works construction and metamorphosis. The merchandises exported by the Golgi setup through the trans face finally fuse with the plasma membrane of the cell. Among the most of import responsibilities of the Golgi setup is to screen the broad assortment of supermolecules produced by the cell and aim them for distribution to their proper location. Specialized molecular designation labe ls or tickets, such as phosphate groups, are added by the Golgi enzymes to help in this screening attempt. [ 4 ] Shape of Golgi setup The Golgi setup looks like a stack of battercakes, and these tonss are called Cisternae. The cisteria is filled with cardinal liquid-filled country and made up of two – bed membrane. Normally 4 to 8 consist in a individual Golgi composite, but in some beings there can be every bit many as 60. The figure of Golgi composites in each animate being cell is typically between 10s and 20. The Golgi setup is non attached to any other cell organ, but floats freely in the cell. There are two terminals for each Golgi organic structure, one is cis face and the other is trans face. The cis face is closest to the atomic membrane and the endoplasmic Reticulum, while the trans face is oriented outward toward the plasma membrane of the cell. The Functions of the Golgi setup The primary maps of the Golgi composite are treating proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic Reticulum ( ER ) and directing molecules made in assorted countries of the cell to their future locations in or out of the cell. Some of the alterations made inside the Golgi complex include:Attaching polyoses to proteins to organize saccharidesTo cut protein into smaller active fragmentsIntegrating phosphates onto protein moleculesAddition of a sulfate group to moleculesIn add-on to modifying molecules made elsewhere in the cell, the Golgi setup besides makes a few of its ain merchandises. Some of the most of import molecules created in the Golgi composite are the Lysosomes, molecules that operate to digest dead or unneeded constituents in the cell, thereby maintaining the cell clean and free of dust, and complex sugars. [ 2 ]Mentionshypertext transfer protocol: //www.iscid.org/encyclopedia/Golgi_Apparatushypertext transfer protocol: //biology.suite101.com/article.cfm/the_golgi_apparatus # ixzz0Tql0t3N6hypertext transfer protocol: //www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethehypertext transfer protocol: //micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/golgi/golgiapparatus.htmlhypertext transfer protocol: //books. google.co.uk/books? id=l4soWecaclsC & A ; pg=PA1 & A ; lpg=PA1 & A ; dq=what+is+morphology+ % 3F & A ; source=bl & A ; ots=LoFNJcVXo & A ; sig=fAAjFKqT6xqXWGMSnoFuTn0ENTw & A ; hl=en & A ; ei=pe3USuGuH9Kq4QaVo_XRDA & A ; sa=X & A ; oi=book_result & A ; ct=result & A ; resnum=4 & A ; ved=0CBkQ6AEwAw # v=onepage & A ; q= & A ; f=false

Indian Motorcycles: America’s First Motorcycle Essay

The specific purpose of this presentation is to inform the audience and give a brief insight into the history of the Indian Motorcycle Company. The desired outcome of this presentation is to give a sense of understanding to the audience with regards to Indian Motorcycles. 1. Introduction Indian Motorcycles – An exquisitely designed machine, a thrilling history and a wellknown rivalry with its competition Harley Davidson, makes the Indian Motorcycle a legend in its own time. The history of the Indian Motorcycle dates back to the turn of the 20th century. They have taken our troops into two World Wars and have set land speed records, one of which still stands today. a. America’s love for the motorcycle began in 1900 with bicycle racer George M. Hendee and engineering wizard Carl Oscar Hedstrom. In 1901, the partners, who were both former bicycle racers, unveiled their first creation, the 1901 Single. This was a 1.75 bhp, single cylinder engine in Hendee’s home town of Springfield. b. The Indian Motorcycle was produced from 1901 to 1944 under the Indian name. In 1945, the company was sold and consolidated into the Torque Engineering Company. Later, the company was divided, with manufacturing going to the Atlas Corporation and distribution to The Indian Sales Corporation. Following the war, Indian struggled with re-entry into the public market. In 1953, with sales continuing to plummet, Indian was forced to halt production. c. After numerous attempts to revive the Indian name since its close in 1953, several formerly competing companies merge to become the Indian Motorcycle Company in 1998. Manufacturing begins in 1999, but the venture proves unsuccessful, and 2003 is the company’s final model year. d. In 2004, Stephen Julius and Steve Heese, business partners who resurrected the dying Chris-Craft Boat Company, turned their attention to Indian. They acquired the trademark rights and in 2008 production began. In 2009, Indians start rolling of the assembly line in Kings Mountain, NC. and production continues through today. 2. Competition and the Indian a. One of the American firm’s best early results came in the Isle of Man TT race in 1911, when Indian riders Godfrey, Franklin and Moorehouse finished first, second and third. b. Indian star Jake De Rosier set several speed records both in America and at Brooklands in England, and won an estimated 900 races on dirt-tracks. He left Indian for Excelsior and died in 1913, aged 33, of injuries sustained in a race crash. c. In 1967, New Zealander Herbert â€Å"Burt† Munro, a 68 year old grandfather, used a self-modified 1920s Indian Scout to an under-1000cc land-speed record at the Bonneville Salt Flats which clocked him at a top speed of 206 3 miles per hour. Forty four years later, Munro and his Indian’s record still stands. This was dramatized in the 2005 film â€Å"The World’s Fastest Indian†. 3. Modern Marvels a. In 1904, Indian wins the Gold Medal for Mechanical Excellence at the St. Louis Exposition. b. In 1906, Indian released the first American production V-Twin. More than 100 years later, the V-Twin engine remains most popular cruiser-motorcycle engine design. c. In 1940, Indian engineers incorporate the use of â€Å"plunger†. This is a spring, coupled to an oil-dampened shaft, and together becomes rear suspension. d. In 1943, Indian wins the coveted Army-Navy Production Award for its highly advanced shaft-drive, four-speed motorcycle built for the military. 4. Indian Models a. Indian introduced the Twin in 1907. b. In 1920, Indian expanded the model lineup to five. c. The revolutionary Scout, the 95 mph Chief, the even more powerful Big Chief, the lightweight Prince and the awesome 4-cylinder Four. d. In 1932, The Pony Scout and the Sport Scout were both introduced. 5. Conclusion In conclusion, Indian Motorcycles have withstood the test of time, although hard times did fall upon them and bankruptcy was filed. Production was halted for a number of years, but in the end America’s First Motorcycle has solidified its name in America’s history books. Indian Motorcycles proved to be engineering marvels from the first moment of conception through today. From the battlefields of World War 1 and 2 to the racetracks of days gone by, Indian Motorcycles are an American Icon. References Johnstone, G. â€Å"Classic Motorcycles† p. 44, 46-47 Tiger Books International PLC, 1993 Franklin’s Indians: â€Å"Irish motorcycle racer Charles B Franklin, designer of the Indian Scout & Chief†, by Harry V Sucher, Tim Pickering, Liam Diamond and Harry Havelin, pp. 46-50, Panther Publishing Ltd, 2011 Wilson, H. The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle p. 11 Dorling-Kindersley Limited, 1995 Wilson, H. The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle p. 108-109 Dorling-Kindersley Limited, 1995 â€Å"Online Museum for Indian Bicycles†. Retrieved 2011-10-03 Wilson, H. The Ultimate Motorcycle Book p. 31 Dorling-Kindersley Limited, 1993 Wilson, H. The Encyclopedia of the Motorcycle p. 271 Dorling-Kindersley Limited, 1995 Wilson, H. The Ultimate Motorcycle Book p. 37 Dorling-Kindersley Limited, 1993 http://www.indianmotorcycle.com/ Description of Visuals Title Slide 1– This slide introduces my presentation, states my name, date, class/number and Professor. Introduction Slide 2 – With this slide, I formally introduce my presentation. I used colors that are appealing to the eyes and relevant to the colors of my topic. The picture is a vintage Indian sign displaying one of Indians first logos. Main Point Slide 3 – This slide displays pictures of each of the two men that started Indian Motorcycles and gives a brief history of the men. Slide 4 – This slide describes more history and the picture represents a 1940’s logo. Slide 5 – This slide continues with history and the picture is of the traditional Indian Head Fender Light. Slide 6 – This slides finishes out the history portion of my presentation and the picture is of Indians biggest motorcycle â€Å"The Big Chief†. Slide 7 – With this slide, I introduce the competition part of my presentation and the picture is of an Indian hill climb race. Slide 8 – The slide talks about the racing efforts and the pictures are of two of Team Indian’s top racers. Slide 9 – This slide talks about the record setting Herbert â€Å"Burt† Munro and his top speed of 205 mph. The picture is of Mr. Munro and his machine. Slide 10 – With this slide, I introduce the engineering achievements and awards that Indian won. The pictures are of a V-Twin engine, a military Indian and the Indian corporate factory. Slide 11 – This slide list the various models that Indian produced and the pictures are of the Sport Scout, the V-Twin and the Pony Scout. Conclusion Slide 12 – This slide re-visits the main points of the presentation and finishes off with a Famous Indian Motorcycle quote. No pictures as of yet.

Free Essays on Allegory

â€Å"put up† are an interesting word choice used by the author. Most of the time you hear â€Å"put up† placed in sentences like- â€Å"I put up X amount of dollars to bail so and so out of jail,† or â€Å"I put up X amount of dollars on that football team.† These are risky expenditures, not things that you’d like to purchase. Five dollars isn’t per say a whole lot to risk one way or another. The author is implying that there is a â€Å"cheapness† about Las Vegas weddings, not only in a literal sense but a physical sense also. A great deal of the Las Vegas wedding business is based on marketing, much like you would experien... Free Essays on Allegory Free Essays on Allegory Allegory â€Å"Marrying Absurd† is an article written by Joan Didion in 1967, for a magazine called the Saturday Evening Post. Didion portrays exactly how ludicrous the marriage â€Å"industry† has become in Las Vegas. The reader is lead to see the cheapness of the Las Vegas industry. Las Vegas has managed to make a mockery of the sanctity of marriage. This city has managed to take something that should be sacred and turn it into nothing more than a monetary convenience. Didion opens with this statement: â€Å"To be married in Las Vegas, Clark County, Nevada, a bride must swear that she is eighteen or has parental permission and a bridegroom that he is twenty-one or has parental permission.† The author expresses concern about the lack of requirements necessary to be married. It is similar to going to a fast food restaurant’s drive-thru, except, instead of leaving with a burger and fries, you’re leaving with a new spouse. There is no blood testing needed or waiting period. In actuality it takes more proof and time to become a new member at a movie store. Didion sarcastically goes on to say that â€Å"Someone must put up five dollars for the license.† Not only is Didion letting us know the inexpensiveness of the wedding, but her choice of words allow us to feel the impersonal meaning. The words â€Å"put up† are an interesting word choice used by the author. Most of the time you hear â€Å"put up† placed in sentences like- â€Å"I put up X amount of dollars to bail so and so out of jail,† or â€Å"I put up X amount of dollars on that football team.† These are risky expenditures, not things that you’d like to purchase. Five dollars isn’t per say a whole lot to risk one way or another. The author is implying that there is a â€Å"cheapness† about Las Vegas weddings, not only in a literal sense but a physical sense also. A great deal of the Las Vegas wedding business is based on marketing, much like you would experien...

Whos really stealing essays

Whos really stealing essays I can still picture those long lines and high prices of the latest CD. This has now become just another one of my childhood memories. No more lines or handing someone else my twenty-dollar bill. We can get our music for free now. This has been called one of the best inventions of the century. Many people including myself spend hours on top of hours downloading all those hard to get songs. Finally the consumers are the ones in control. Shawn fanning a nineteen-year-old multi million dollar dropout had the same dream as many Americans had. One day he awoke and didnt go back to sleep until his task was completed. What was his task? To create a software program where people could share their music for free. This technology is called peer-to-peer file sharing and its the biggest thing to hit the Internet since the Internet. Money and lawsuits are now rolling into Shawns pockets like water. Record companies have been working feverishly day and night to try and put a stop to this fad. Companies realized how much this would affect their profits. Buyers could pay $18.99 plus tax for a CD or just spend twenty minutes online for free. As of yet, no one has been able to stop Napster. Even though some court cases are still in judgment it doesnt look to good for the record companies. This has knocked record companies on their feet. Napster is going to stay running for now. Napster. One word that is known by people of middle class, lower class, old, young, black, white nearly any classification. What would a car be like without a stereo? Can you imagine? Music is very important to people just like their money. So why waste your money when you dont have to. Napster, while being praised by buyers, hated by artists, and loved by Internet geeks, has done wonders to the music and Internet industry. Many artists have tried to stop this worldwide trend by filling lawsuits and starting ...

Allusion vs. Illusion vs. Elusion

Allusion vs. Illusion vs. Elusion Allusion vs. Illusion vs. Elusion Allusion vs. Illusion vs. Elusion By Mark Nichol It’s natural that many writers confuse the similar-looking, sound-alike terms allusion and illusion, as well as the rare elusion, and their verb forms: They’re all related. These words all stem from the Latin root word ludere, meaning â€Å"to play,† which also forms the basis for ludicrous. Meet the other members of this frolicsome family: Allusion: An allusion is a reference to something, but with a special sense: The reference is implied, or indirect. (The verb form is allude.) If you think of an allusion as coy or playful, the etymology makes sense. Illusion: An illusion is something misleading or open to misinterpretation. (The Latin term illusio means â€Å"mockery.†) Again, the root word is apt if, in this case, you think of an illusion as something that occurs when your mind plays tricks on you. Elusion: An elusion (from the Latin word for â€Å"deception†) is an act of eluding, and â€Å"to elude† means â€Å"to avoid or evade.† (This term is not to be confused with elision verb form: elide which means â€Å"to delete or omit,† as in contractions or missing words.) That’s not all: There’s also collusion (verb form: collude), literally meaning â€Å"to play with† and referring to a conspiracy, and delusion (verb form: delude), which means â€Å"to trick.† Three related nouns that lack the -sion suffix and look like the other verb forms are prelude (literally, â€Å"before play†), interlude (â€Å"during play†), and the rare postlude (â€Å"after play†). Prelude refers to a performance or action that precedes a more significant event, an interlude is an intermission, and a postlude is a closing piece of a musical or literary composition. The words include, conclude, exclude, occlude, preclude, and seclude and their noun forms, by the way, are unrelated to the -lude family, stemming from a Latin word meaning â€Å"to close.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Incorrect Pronunciations That You Should Avoid7 Tips for Writing a Film ReviewShow, Don't Tell

Discussion Board Questions 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Discussion Board Questions 3 - Essay Example mbine cognitive ability test with other methods such as biodata instruments as a way of ensuring that adverse effects of ethnic and racial differences are addressed. During the internal selections decisions, most organisations adopt assessment methods such as integrity tests and personality tests. On the other hand, majority of companies adopts simpler recruitment process such as interviews during the external selection. One of the major aspects that create this difference is the corporate culture. For example, during the internal selection, managers must notify the candidate about the evaluation process to avoid him or her becoming demotivated an aspect that can result to high rate of turnover. Internal and external selection decisions should be different to ensure that existing employees remain interested in their tasks. This should be attained by not emulating the rule of winner takes it all. Even though this rule is appropriate during external selection it can negatively affect existing employees since they may feel that their organisation is not giving them an opportunity to develop their career. One of the positive consequences associated with a high predictor cut off score is that it creates standards during the selection of the employees. By emulating a selection measure, organisations are in a position to select skilled manpower thus enhancing the productivity of a company. High predictor cut off score improves the image of an organisation in the sense that it makes it competitive thus attracting experienced and highly trained employees from other companies. In this way, strong team of human resource is achieved. One of the major advantages of sales approach in the presentation of a job offer is that it creates a good impression of the job and an organisation. This is attained by ensuring that recruiters and human resources managers behave like sales executives. In this way, the potential employees feel supported and respected an aspect that motivates

Economic Relations between Korea and China Essay

Economic Relations between Korea and China - Essay Example For centuries, China stood as a leading country, easily outpacing other countries in the arts and sciences. In the 19th century and early 20th centuries, however, China was overwhelmed by civil unrest, major famines, military defeats, and foreign occupation. It seemed like China would never catch up with the Western developed countries economically, but after the 1978 reform period, Deng Xiaoping, a hero of China, focused on market-oriented economic development and by 2000 output had quadrupled.There is no doubt that China has had tremendous effect on Korea economically, politically and culturally since early days of Korea due to proximity and Korean speaking ethic minorities living in China. We must not fail to indicate here that Korea here refers to both North and South Korea. Both of these republics have trade relations with China. South Korea and China normalized diplomatic and economic relations in 1992 and North Korea did so round about the same time.Although the relationship b etween Korea and China had ceased during the Cold War, the reestablishment of diplomatic relations had led to a surprisingly rapid growth of bilateral exchanges. Statistics show that Korean Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) to China has increased at very fast rate and continuous to increase as China has become the second most viable destination for investment after the United States. The development of economic relations between South Korea and China over the past decade has been dramatic... numbers, direct bilateral trade between Korea and the PRC has gone from $4.4 billion in 1991, the year before the normalization of relations, to $41.1 billion in 2002 and has already reached $39.8 billion in just the first three quarters of 2003."2China's entry into the WTO had caused them to grow quite rapidly. The recent brisk exports from Korea to China have also been a key factor in the economic growth of China. This growth had caused demand for electrical equipment, semi-conductors and communication equipments which are the main exports of Korea. For an example, North Korea's trade volume hit a new record in 2004, approaching $1.38 billion. North Korea's exports to China topped $582 million, up 47.2 percent compared with 2003. Imports totaled $795 million, up 26.5 percent from the preceding year. North Korea's total trade volume for 2005 reached nearly $2.9 billion. 3 This increase in North Korea's exports to China can be attributed to the increase in exports of crabs, fish, and shellfish; metal products; and textile goods. It is also interesting to note that the North's increase in imports from China is mainly attributed to the increase in the import of energy elements such as crude oil and foods such as frozen pork. Imports of different types of grains like rice and wheat are also noticeable.According to L. Gordon Flake, Executive Director, Mike and Maureen Mansfield foundation, "Korea's imports from China are currently undergoing a structural transformation. China has begun to manufacture electronic components because China is undergoing rapid industrialization. It means that both Korea and China are entering into a highly a competitive market with regard to electrical equipments. This bilateral economic exchange between China and Korea can create

How Electricity Pooling differ from Bilateral contract system Essay

How Electricity Pooling differ from Bilateral contract system - Essay Example This was disbanded and replaced by the New Electricity Trade Agreements (NETA), which fostered the relationship of bilateral trading that did not allow for the inherent market manipulations seen in the Pool experience. The new agreements used a forward trade market by developing Power Purchase Agreements, constructed to enhance healthy economic competition. While the cost of development of NETA is debatable, the governing bodies of the Great Britain electricity service industry remain encouraged by the end results of NETA, as it delivered lowered costs for end-consumers and removed the ability of major players to manipulate the market. For an effective understanding of the electronic service industry and the marketing impacts it manifests, it is first important to understand the deliverables of energy distribution as a commodity. As a commodity, the electrical service contains unique and unequivocal attributes due to the amalgamated technical aspects which prevail in this service domain. The interconnected technical characteristics as well as the commoditized aspects of this industry in turn beget exceptional considerations in the manner of trade within the industry. The following summarises Steve Thomass (2006) description of the characteristics of electricity as a commodity. Electricity functions as a commodity with distinctive features that separate the electricity service industry from incommensurable service industries. Electricity, foremost, is a constant in the neoteric society, and secondarily the electricity service industry has a prevalent impact on the ecological aspect of the modern world, which separates it drastically from standard service markets-except perhaps the manufacturing industries. In the archetypal industries, the product can be stored to allow for effective supply and demand distributions when a service product becomes diminished or bounteous, the suppliers have the ability to control the

Age Discrimination in a site based Workplace Literature review

Age Discrimination in a site based Workplace - Literature review Example nal Statistics (2008), there is an increasing trend in the number of workers aged above 50 years in the construction industry, and this number is likely to account for 30% of the total working population in this industry by the year 2020. Maurer & Rafuse (2001) observe that age has had a significant impact on the chances of people aged more than 55 years seeking employment in the UK. Most of the construction companies presume that younger and energetic people have a greater capacity to accomplish tasks and bring in new knowledge in the industry (Bendick et al. 2001). Nevertheless, it is important to note that the aging generation has significant experience to contribute to the industry. Martin et al. (2003) argues that to avoid age discrimination in the construction industry, the thought of where and how to advertise is important to ensure that different age groups are reached. Sometimes the aged are discouraged from seeking employment due to the use of advertisement language such as â€Å"recent graduate† which disregards the experienced labour force. On the other hand, some advertisements suppress the hopes of the younger energetic labour force through the use of words such as â€Å"mature† or â€Å"15 years experience† and many other words that discriminate applicants on the basis of age (Office of National Statistics 2008). Even though some tasks may require experience, some employers in the construction industry are not specific with regard to the job’s requirements. Martin et al. (2003) observes that different age groups can be offered equal opportunity if the experience needed is substitutable with equivalent qualifications. This allows the experienced older members in the labor force to match their younger qualified counterparts in applying for the job. Maurer & Rafuse (2001) argue that age is usually not a good sign of great potential among workers. Studies have proved that different people in different age groups have strong characteristics that are

Business Analytics_Information Systems within your working environment Coursework

Business Analytics_Information Systems within your working environment - Coursework Example The organization is one of the leading employers within the global industry. In addition to this, the organization has adopted and implemented effective global business expansion, business diversification and product differentiation strategy in business operation process in order to gain potential competitive edge and maintain potential competitive advantage over its competitors. The organization has developed and installed several advanced technological applications in business operation process in order to enhance effective business operation practices. This report will discuss several aspects of the use of Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERPS) in PepsiCo including the advantages and disadvantages of the software application. Moreover, the study will determine how this specific software application has helped the management of PepsiCo to enhance effective business performance in global market places. ERPS can be considered as important business management software. It is also considered as a set of integrated software applications, which an organization can use it to source, collect, gather, store, manage, record and interpret data and information from several business activities. These business operation activities may include manufacturing or service delivery, product planning, cost planning, inventory management, marketing and sales, and shipping and payment. The major objective of this specific business management software application is to provide an incorporated view of central business process in real time period by using common databases that are maintained by a particular DBMS or database management system. This ERP system can track several business resources of an organization quite significantly. The business resources include production capacity, raw materials, cash, payroll, purchased orders and status of the business commitments. One of the major objectives of this system is to facilitate

Age Discrimination in a site based Workplace Literature review

Age Discrimination in a site based Workplace - Literature review Example nal Statistics (2008), there is an increasing trend in the number of workers aged above 50 years in the construction industry, and this number is likely to account for 30% of the total working population in this industry by the year 2020. Maurer & Rafuse (2001) observe that age has had a significant impact on the chances of people aged more than 55 years seeking employment in the UK. Most of the construction companies presume that younger and energetic people have a greater capacity to accomplish tasks and bring in new knowledge in the industry (Bendick et al. 2001). Nevertheless, it is important to note that the aging generation has significant experience to contribute to the industry. Martin et al. (2003) argues that to avoid age discrimination in the construction industry, the thought of where and how to advertise is important to ensure that different age groups are reached. Sometimes the aged are discouraged from seeking employment due to the use of advertisement language such as â€Å"recent graduate† which disregards the experienced labour force. On the other hand, some advertisements suppress the hopes of the younger energetic labour force through the use of words such as â€Å"mature† or â€Å"15 years experience† and many other words that discriminate applicants on the basis of age (Office of National Statistics 2008). Even though some tasks may require experience, some employers in the construction industry are not specific with regard to the job’s requirements. Martin et al. (2003) observes that different age groups can be offered equal opportunity if the experience needed is substitutable with equivalent qualifications. This allows the experienced older members in the labor force to match their younger qualified counterparts in applying for the job. Maurer & Rafuse (2001) argue that age is usually not a good sign of great potential among workers. Studies have proved that different people in different age groups have strong characteristics that are

Mother Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mother - Essay Example These suggestions used to appear awkward to me and I used to regard them as useless and boring. I never paid heed to her advice and continued hanging out with my friends whom I used to trust more than my mother. Then one fine day everything changed; my views about her changed and my heart got sunk in a state of regret. It was a chilled, stormy day and apparently the last day of our school. Everyone was excited about the party at night and there were celebrations all over our school. However, the weather gradually started getting worse and most of the people I knew cancelled their plans for the night. I got several calls from my mom as she was worried as to when I would get back home. The sky grew darker and was overshadowed with clouds. Lightening struck and it started raining in no time. Since I was with my high school friends, I did not find it appropriate to attend to my mother’s phone calls simply because I was worried what my friends would think of me. I tried to ignore the calls by not attending to them but soon my friends found out that my mom had been calling. Never had I felt as embarrassed as I did at that time. I switched off my phone and headed for the beach with my friends. The downpour was heavy and all the streets were choked with traffic. I started feeling scared and helples s as warnings were issued on the radio calling people to head towards their homes. The windscreen started losing clarity and the road ahead was barely visible. In a matter of seconds our car got sidetracked, hit another car and crashed into a pit. In a flash of time the cops came and took us to the hospital. I had been unconscious all that time and when the first time I opened my eyes I saw my mother standing right in front of me with tears in her eyes. I did not know what to say; I was speechless. My heart filled with regret all of a sudden and I could

Chocolate Industry Essay Example for Free

Chocolate Industry Essay * Indian chocolates industry is growing at a rapidly18-20% per annum. * Cadburys occupy about 72% of the chocolate/confectionery market with Dairy Milk, Five Star, Perk, Gems * The organized sector in chocolates constitutes 40%. Chocolate consumption in India is low, per capita consumption in urban India is estimated at about 250g compared to 8-10 kg in Switzerland. * Indian chocolate market is estimated to be close to Rs 2500 cr. of which metros like Mumbai and Delhi occupy a major share. HISTORY * 1765, First Chocolate Factory In the USA * 1800, Chocolate is an Industry * 1819, The Swiss Invest in a Chocolate Factory. * 1847, An English Company Introduced Fondant Chocolate * 1923, The CMA (chocolate manufacture association)was Established * 1956 Cadbury milk chocolate launched. * 1957 Cadbury 5 star launched. * 1970 Cadbury eclairs launched. * 1974 Amul chocolate launched. * 1986 Cadbury milk chocolate re-launched as Cadburys dairy milk. * 1991 Nestle chocolates TYPES OF CHOCOLATES 1. Unsweetened chocolate Unsweetened chocolate is chocolate in its rawest form. This unadulterated chocolate is also known as baking, plain or bitter chocolate and popularly used as the base for cakes, brownies, confections, and cookies. Unsweetened chocolate is made from pure chocolate liquor that has been refined and contains 50-55% of cocoa butter. 2. Milk chocolate Milk chocolate is the combination of chocolate liquor, cocoa butter, vanilla, milk solids, and lecithin. This type of chocolate could be kept up to a year if stored in a cool, dry place. Milk chocolate must contain at least 10% of chocolate liquor, 3. 7% milk fats, and 12% milk solids. 3. Semi-sweet chocolate and Bittersweet chocolate Both Semi-sweet and Bittersweet chocolate contain cocoa liquor, sugar, cocoa butter, vanilla, and sometimes lecithin. Semi-sweet and Bittersweet chocolate, if well wrapped and stored in a cool, dry place with good air circulation, could be kept for several years. Major types and brands of chocolates * Cadbury * Nestle * Amul Other * Comp co * Ferrero * Mars * Govind * Lindt * Hershey Chocolate global market share * The global chocolate market is expected to grow from $83. 2 billion in 2011. to $98. 3 billion in 2016 at an estimated CAGR of 2. 7% from 2011 to 2016. * The market in Asia is driving sales and is expected to hold a 20% share of the global market in 2016. The market in Asia is expected to have a high CAGR of 4. 7%. Chocolate global market share Source: (Euro monitor). Chocolate Market in India * Chocolate market is estimated to be around 2500 cores growing at 18-20% per annum. * Cadbury is the market leader with 72% market share * The per capita consumption of chocolate in India is 400 gram compared with 1. 9 kilograms in developed markets such as the United Kingdom * Over 70 per cent of the consumption takes place in the urban markets Chocolate Market in India A Snapshot * Jan. 2011 Kraft Foods acquires Cadbury India * Jul. 2011 Hershey’s exits JV with Godrej Group * Oct. 2011 Ferrero opens first production facility in India * Nov. 2011 Campco increases production to 23,000 ton. /year * Dec. 2011 Kraft Foods increases investments in Cadbury India The Indian confectionery market – Source:- Industry experts and leading manufacturers estimates, Promar’s trade interviews Indian confectionery industry Share by Volume 000 tonnes (2009) Source: (Euro monitor, 2009). Indian confectionery industry Share by Value (Rs cr. ) 2009 Source: (Euro monitor, 2009). CONSUMPTION SEGMENTATION BY AGE Segment| Share (%)| 2 to 8 years old| 16| 8 to 25 years old| 53|. 25 to 54 years old| 22| Over 55 years old| 7| Source: Ministry of food processing industries CONSUMPTION SEGMENTATION BY REGION Segment| Share (%)| North| 35| East| 12| West| 33| South| 20| Source: Ministry of food processing industries Product Variation Segment| Share (%)| Moulded Chocolates| 50| Count line bars| 33| Sugar panned| 13| Choco panned| 4| Source: Ministry of food processing industries Market share different company Company | Market share % | Cadbury | 72% | Nestle | 18% | Amul | 4% | Other | 6% | PRODUCTION YEAR WISE Source: Central Statistical Organisation (CSO). Import of Chocolate Sugar confectionery (value in us$) Source: commercae. nic. in Import of Chocolate Sugar confectionery (volume in mt ) Source: commercae. nic. in Consumer Trends * Mithai- is getting substituted by chocolates Convenient packaging and better shelf life. * Sudden spurt in advertisement between July Sep in festival seasons. * The range and variety of chocolates available in malls seems to be growing day by day, which leads to lot of impulse sales for chocolate companies. * Chocolates which used to be unaffordable, is now considered mid-priced. * Designer chocolates have become status symbols. * In past, consumers had negligible inclination for dark chocolates. But now we have seen a change in the Indian palate, which is increasing the base of this sub-segment Challenges in Indian chocolate industry * TEMPERATURE * UNAVAILABILITY OF CONTROLLED REFRIGERATION * RAW MATERIALS * TRANSPORTATION * THREAT FROM FOREIGN BRANDS Growth opportunities in Indian chocolate industry Untapped Market Limited Consumption: The fact that chocolate is not a traditional food, high prices and domestic production problems will provide the main problems to market growth. As these markets develop, prices will fall making these products more accessible to the wider population. However the Indian market is still untapped and provides immense scope for growth, both geographically as well as product basket wise. Chocolate consumption in India is extremely low. The per capita chocolate consumption in India is still much below the East Asian standards. Hence per capita consumption has a immense scope for improvement. Strategies for Growth Success in India 1. Revamp the product to keep the excitement alive. 2. Companies should look at new avenues, while expanding the reach of its products. Distribution will hold the key. Companies need to reach out to smaller towns, where three-fourths of the population does not even know the product. 3. Merger Acquisitions: Mergers Acquisitions with companies that match the product portfolio overall growth strategy should be considered which will not only strengthen the company to establish a stronger hold in the country but also ward off possible competition in the select category. Such collaborations will also facilitate companies to use each other’s distribution networks. Conclusion * Cadburys /Nestle occupy about 90% of the chocolate /confectionery market. * * While there are some places in India where people have never even tasted chocolates once. * Understanding the consumer demands and maintaining the quality will be essential. References * www. indiainfoline. com * http://www. marketsandmarkets. com/PressReleases/global-chocolate-market. asp * Central Statistical Organisation (CSO), Compiled by India stat. * http://www. espatial. com/articles/a-valentines-day-map-world-chocolate-consumption/ * www. ministryoffoodprocessingindustries. com * www. business-standard. com * http://www. indianmirror. com/indian/industries/chocolate. html * www. ibef. org * www. fmcg markets. com.

Risk Factors of Asthma

Risk Factors of Asthma Table of Contents (Jump to) Introduction: Thesis/ Hypothesis: Motivation: Background information Terminology Arguments Argument 1 Gender and age Allergy and asthma Genetic and asthma Argument 2 Smoking and asthma Overweight and asthma Argument 3 Poverty and asthma Air pollution and asthma Climate and asthma Conclusion Limitations Works Cited Appendix Introduction: Asthma has been one of the common disease of today, there is about one in 15 people has asthma in the world. Asthma is a chronic condition whose symptoms are attacks of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. There is no cure for asthma, but most people can control the condition and lead normal, active lives. This report we will be investigating the factors of asthma and also will be reaching variety of data and graphs. Thesis/ Hypothesis: The probability of developing asthma is influenced by uncontrollable factors such as age, sex or having other respiratory diseases; however, living habits of patients as well as the environment around them are also important factors that affect the severity or the chance of having asthma. Motivation: The main reasons why we choose asthma as our topic is because asthma has been a common disease in our life. There are millions of asthma sufferers around the world and some of them are around us. We believe by exploring the risk factors and the ways that can cause asthma like: age and sex, personal habit and environment, we can know more about the disease and how to prevent it. Background information What causes asthma? Asthma symptoms develop when the airways become inflamed as a result of exposure to specific environmental triggers, such as dust, smoke or even exercise. However, not all individuals exposed to the same triggers develop asthma symptoms. The main reason for this is that some individuals are genetically more like Asthma becomes more and more common disease in the world. According to the Centers for Disease Control, 1 in 13 people have asthma. Also, there are no ways to heal asthma but there are only some ways that can calm it down. Terminology Asthma: a disease of the airways or branches of the lung (bronchial tubes) that carry air in and out of the lungs. Asthma causes the airways to narrow, the lining of the airways to swell and the cells that line the airways to produce more mucus. These changes make breathing difficult and cause a feeling of not getting enough air into the lungs. Common symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness, and excess mucus production. Asthma rate/ asthma prevalence: the percentage or number of people that have asthma. Allergy: an exaggerated response to a substance or condition produced by the release of histamine or histamine-like substances by affected cells. Air pollution: The condition in which air is contaminated by foreign substances, or the substances themselves. BMI: BMI stands for body mass index; it is used to indicate a persons fatness. BMI is calculated using the persons height and weight. Chronic disease: a disease that can be controlled, but not cured. Arguments Argument #1: Age and sex (other allergies) Age, sex are uncontrollable factors that will have an effect a persons chance of suffering from asthma, while having other respiratory disease can even increase the patients chance of developing asthma. Asthma is a chronic disease that a large part of the population suffers from it. Like many other diseases, the chance of developing Asthma differs according to the age group the person belongs to. On the other hand, the risk of having asthma for male and female are also different. These are due to the conditions of each persons airway will change according to their age and sex. Moreover, because asthma develops from airway inflammation, any other disease that is related to the respiratory system will also greatly increase the risk of developing asthma. Argument #2: PERSONAL habits (smoking, obesity) Asthma can also be acquired non-genetically due to personal habits such as smoking or being overweight. Some of the asthma patients developed it from the blood relatives, but the chance of developing asthma and the severity of the disease can be controlled by a person. For instance, smoking can do damage to the entire respiratory system and greatly reduce lung function. It can narrow the airway which will increase the risk of asthma. Also good personal habit, such as and lifestyle can keep you body in good shape and keep the airway unobstructed therefore avoiding asthma. Argument #3: ENVIRONMENT Living in a poor environment that has poor air quality or constantly exposed to allergen and dusts can also cause Asthma and even make it deteriorates. Asthma is a long term disease of a persons airway and lungs; therefore, although the direct cause of asthma is still not completely clear, breathing in dust such as wood dust or chemicals for a long period of time will affect the health of your respiratory system and then increase the chance of asthma developing. Argument 1 Gender and age Asthma is a disease that affects people from all age groups. However the chance of having asthma differs depending on which age group one is in. Figure 1.1.1 Graph of asthma prevalence and average humidity From figure1.1.1 above we are able to see that asthma actually usually happens before 30 years old, which is mainly childhood and early adulthood. Adults in their middle age will be less vulnerable to asthma, then the percentage of asthma patient slightly increase as it reaches old age. Moreover based on the data from statistic Canada, there are more male asthma sufferers than female. The average difference between female and male are 2.16, which means male have 2.16% more chance of having asthma. It can be a huge difference while dealing with the population of the entire country. Figure 1.1.2 Figure 2 based on the data from CDC and it showed asthma prevalence of age group below 12 years old. In this graph we are able to see that although very little infant have asthma, 16 to 17% of the entire population around 5 to 24 years old suffers from asthma, that means there are 3 asthma patient in every 20 person. Similar with the data from statistic Canada, the graph showed that people in their early ages are more likely to be suffered from asthma. This might be due to the incomplete development of the lung and airway so the airway is more sensitive and vulnerable and easily infected so as during old age. Figure 1.1.3 Figure1.1.3 above displayed the asthma prevalence of male and female. Among male, the asthma rate is more than 5% higher than female. It might be due to males respiratory systems slower growth. While among female, the asthma rate is higher after puberty. This can be due to males airway become much stronger after puberty. To conclude, although uncontrollable, gender and age is a risk factor that we should know in order to prepare for and preventing asthma. Allergy and asthma Another uncontrollable risk factor of asthma would be allergies and other respiratory disease. Figure 1.2.1 Figure 1.2.1 above used data collected from Unionville High School. In the sample, there are 4 people who suffer from asthma among 31 people which is near 13%. It matches the data from statistic Canada. Among these 4 people one of them own pet and two of them both own pets and have other allergies. Over half of the asthma patients have other allergies and the majority of them own pet. It shows owning pet might be a risk factor of asthma and the reason behind it might be the fur that can cause inflammation in the airway. Moreover there is a relationship between asthma and other type of allergies Figure 1.2.2 The result from another research also supported this argument. Most people that suffer from other allergies or atopic disease are also asthma sufferers therefore people with allergies are more likely to suffer from asthma. Genetic and asthma A very common way of having asthma is inheriting the disease from the family. This might be due to the genes they inherited from their parents have similar characteristic therefore asthma can be inherited. Figure 1.3.1 Looking at Figure 1.3.1 based on a sample from Unionville High School, 3 asthma sufferers out of 4 have family members that suffer from asthma. It is clear that the amount of asthma sufferers with siblings or parents that also have asthma is much higher than ones without. We can conclude that having a family member with asthma can raise the chance of developing asthma. Argument 2 Other than those uncontrollable factors that are related to a persons age, sex and other disease, ones everyday habit and activities is can also affect the asthma rate. Two of these unhealthy habits that can increase ones chance of having asthma will be smoking, overeating or lack of exercising that can cause obesity. Smoking and asthma Asthma is a common respiratory disease in the world. There are few ways that will turn this disease bad, Smoking is one of the major bad habit that turn asthma bad. Smoking is the inhalation of the smoke of burning tobacco encased in cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. According to the CDC, a research demonstrated that there is a higher rate to have asthma if you smoke. There are about 17% people in the US that smoke but there are about 21% people who smoke with asthma. Figure 2.1.1 The graph above demonstrated the people in different province in the United States and is split by with asthma who smokes and without asthma who smoke. The result shows that there are more people that smoke with asthma than without asthma. Overweight and asthma Although Asthma is a respiratory disease, ones body mass index (BMI) is also a factor of developing asthma and even an asthma attack.ÂÂ   BMI is calculated using ones height and weight; when a persons body mass index (BMI) is between 18.5 and 25, he will be considered normal, however when the persons BMI is between 25 to 30 he will be considered overweight and obese if the BMI is over 30. Graph 2.2.1 below shows the percentage of normal weight, overweight and obese adults suffering from asthma. Figure 2.2.1 The graph shows the relationship between ones BMI and asthma. For both men and women, the chance of suffering from asthma for an obese person is significantly higher than a normal weighted person. For the obese group, the asthma prevalence is almost 50% higher than the normal weight group. We can easily see that being overweight can greatly influence the prevalence of asthma, overweight people are more likely to suffer from asthma compared with others. This is because the extra weight on an overweight person will increase the pressure on his chest therefore it will be harder for the person to breath. On the other hand, inflammation, which obesity usually comes with, also contributes to increasing the risks of developing asthma. Inflammation around the wall of the airway will make it swollen and decrease the width of the airway, allowing lesser air to pass, and cause multiple asthma symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and breathing difficulties. From the data, we are able to conclude the theory is true and being obese will greatly increase ones chance of developing asthma. Figure 2.2.2 https://nccd.cdc.gov/NPAO_DTM/IndicatorSummary.aspx?category=28indicator=30 From graph 2.2.3, we are able to see that according to CDC, more than 10% of the Americas population is obese, that means they will all be having a much higher risk of having asthma than the rest and they should be more careful about while doing strenuous exercise. Argument 3 While ones persona condition and habit changes his chance of developing asthma, like many other disease, the environment around the person can also influence the incidence of the disease. This is due to the environment can affect ones health condition slowly therefore a good environment can decrease ones chance of suffering from diseases and vice versa. Poverty and asthma One of the factors that can affect ones living environment is ones income. Typically, family that have more money will be able to afford living in cleaner area, more comfortable space and overall, a better environment; while the families with less income will not. Dust, small particles, molds, insects and many more types of allergens in these environment can trigger asthma and exposed to them will absolutely be a factor that causes asthma. Figure 3.1.2 Graph asthma prevalence by income in 2014 https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2014/table2-1.htm The graph above shows the percent of people suffering from asthma versus their poverty level in America. Federal poverty threshold in the graph is a measure of income for every person. The standard income for an American is calculated each year and it is shown in the table below. PERSONS IN FAMILY/HOUSEHOLD POVERTY GUIDELINE 1 $11,670 2 15,730 3 19,790 4 23,850 5 27,910 6 31,970 7 36,030 8 40,090 For families/households with more than 8 persons, add $4,060 for each additional person. From graph 1 it is clear that there is a trend that shows less people suffer from asthma as their income increase. For instance for people with income lower than the poverty guideline, the prevalence of asthma reached up to 10%. Moreover, the area one lives in also matters Figure 3.1.3 Graph of amount of asthma patient versus poverty rate in 2014 http://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/tables/time-series/historical-poverty-people/hstpov9.xls Figure 3.1.3 above showed the poverty rate and asthma rate of the four regions in the United States. It also indicated that as the poverty rate of a certain region or area gets higher, so does the asthma rate. In general, families living in poverty lives in less developed areas, which means that they might know less about how to deal with asthma and asthma prevention. These data prove the relationship between poverty and asthma; therefore family that have less income is likely to have a higher risk of having asthma. Air pollution and asthma As mentioned, asthma is a type of long term respiratory disease and it mainly affects the airway and trachea, which is a part of the respiratory system. It is used as a tube to transfer air in and out of the lung while breathing; so, during this process, the wall of the airway frequently makes contact with the air outside that contains many pollutants. Therefore unlike skin that covers the human body, the unprotected wall can get infected and be stimulated very easily. Then the inflamed airway will cause coughing, wheezing and even asthma. Therefore if the environment isnt clean and the air quality isnt good, the chance of developing asthma increases. Figure 3.2.1 Graph of emission of sulfur oxide and asthma rate from 2010 to 2014 Figure 3.2.2 Graph of emission of nitrogen oxide and asthma rate from 2010 to 2014 http://www.ec.gc.ca/indicateurs-indicators/default.asp?lang=enn=E79F4C12-1 The two graphs above show the relationship between the emissions of several types of air pollutants as percentage of 1990 level and the percentage of people with asthma in canada from 2010 to 2014. We are able to see that there is a trend, as the emission of the two air pollutants decreases the percentage of people with asthma also decrease. For example, sulfur dioxide, a form of sulfur oxide found in lower atmosphere, is a harmful toxic chemical. The r of the trend line is about 0.703, which means there is a strong relationship between the emission the chemical and prevalence of asthma. In fact according to CDC, exposure to this type of chemical will affect ones lung health. Asthma suffers is more sensitive to even low concentration of sulfur dioxide. On the other hand, there is also correlation between emission of nitrogen oxide and asthma prevalence. The r in graph 3.2.2 is 0.9 therefore it shows that the relationship with asthma prevalence is even stronger for nitrogen oxide. A r esearch done by WHO indicates that respiratory disease is more common in area with higher nitrogen oxide concentration. Therefore, inhaling either of these chemicals in the air can do damage on ones respiratory system can is one of the factors of asthma. Figure 3.2.3 http://www.ec.gc.ca/indicateurs-indicators/default.asp?lang=enn=E79F4C12-1 Luckily, from the graph above, we can see that the emissions of these toxic chemicals are decreasing. Thus we can expect that as the average air quality get better in the future and the concentration of these chemicals decrease, the percentage of people with asthma should also slowly decrease. Climate and asthma Last but not least, the climate of each region also has an effect on the chance of developing asthma. In fact, one of the factors that can affect ones respiratory system would be humidity. Humidity is the amount of water in the air and higher humidity would mean there are more water around the atmosphere. When the humidity gets higher, it will be more difficult to breath in this kind of atmosphere, but if the atmosphere is too dry, the airway will be inflamed due to lack of water and will also be a factored that triggers asthma. Figure 3.3.1 Graph of asthma prevalence and average humidity https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/most_recent_data_states.htm https://www.currentresults.com/Weather/US/humidity-by-state-in-summer.php From this graph, we are able to see a U shaped trend. Most states in the United States have similar average humidity and asthma rate. However as the average humidity increase, more people suffer from asthma; as the average humidity decrease lower than 40% the amount of asthma patient increases again. As a matter of fact, the world health organization claimed that 50% humidity will be best to reduce the chance of developing asthma or asthma attack. State such as New Jersey and Maryland, are located at the east coast, had higher average humidity, being around 70% has more asthma patient; while states near the west coast has a lower average humidity around 60% and has less people has asthma there. On the other hand, the states in the middle region have a low average humidity near 30% to 40%; as expected the amount of asthma patients goes up. Therefore the theory a stated above is proven to be true, humidity can affect ones chance of developing asthma or an asthma attack. Conclusion Limitations Bias There is sampling bias in the result of our survey; this is because we take our sample from Unionville High School. The population in the school is mainly Asian therefore although we narrowed our report to only about North America; it cant represent the situation in North America precisely.ÂÂ   Moreover, we used snowball sampling while sending out the survey, the amount of Asians and non-Asians in the result will be more unbalanced. Not enough information When we are doing our research we found out that there are not many raw data that we can use, many of them are directly made into graphs or figures without posting the raw data and some of the data isnt able to be found on the internet. Moreover there are countries that do not make their data public. Therefore we decided to narrow our range down to only North America. And we found out that Statistic Canada and CDC have a lot of open source that we can work with Works Cited https://aspe.hhs.gov/2014-poverty-guidelines#tresholds https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2015/12/24/asthma_widea7d6c21be70cdf982718f2e7bcb6f1f5d5b3cfdc.jpg?s=1400 Appendix Table 1 Asthma, by age group and sex (Percent) 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 percent Total, 12 years and over 8.5 8.6 8.1 7.9 8.1 Males 7.1 7.4 6.8 6.9 7 Females 9.8 9.8 9.4 8.9 9.2 12 to 19 years 11.1 11.8 10.2 10.9 9 Males 11.4 11.1 10.6 11.1 8.3 Females 10.8 12.5 9.8 10.7 9.6 20 to 34 years 9.5 9.1 9.7 8 9.3 Males 8.5 7.9 8.7 7.4 8.2 Females 10.5 10.4 10.7 8.6 10.5 35 to 44 years 7.7 8 6.8 8 7.2 Males 6.3 7.2 5.7 7.3 5.5 Females 9.1 8.7 8 8.7 8.9 45 to 64 years 7.9 8.1 7.1 7.1 7.5 Males 5.5 6.6 4.7 5.6 6.4 Females 10.4 9.6 9.4 8.6 8.6 65 years and over 7 7.3 7.7 7.5 8 Males 6.2 5.6 6.4 5.8 7.1 Females 7.6 8.7 8.8 9 8.7 http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/health49b-eng.htm Table 2 https://www.dovepress.com/cr_data/article_fulltext/s91000/91654/img/COPD-91654-T01.png Table 3 https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2014/table2-1.htm Table 4 https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db239_table.pdf#1 Table 5 2014: Percent of adults aged 18 years and older who are overweight Location Value 95% CI Sample Size National 35.2 (34.9-35.5) 425,875 https://nccd.cdc.gov/NPAO_DTM/IndicatorSummary.aspx?category=28indicator=30 Table 6 Ratio of Family Income to Poverty Threshold All Ages Total Children Adults 18+ 0-0.99 15.8 15.6 15.9 1.00-2.49 12.9 13.2 12.9 2.50-4.49 12.4 12.8 12.3 4.50 and above 11.8 12.3 11.7 https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2014/table2-1.htm Region: All ages Total Children Age Adults Age 18+ Northeast 7,060

Cyberculture :: Computers Technology Internet Essays

Cyberculture Through new technologies including computers, World Wide Web, and email, we have seen many changes the way we think about and carry out the process of writing. While most seem to welcome new technologies others like Sven Birkets believe these new technologies are hurting the learning process. He writes, â€Å"Many educators say that our students are less and less able to read, or analyze, or write with clarity and purpose. Who can blame the students? Everything they meet with in the world around them gives the signal: That was then, and electronic communications are now (63). This â€Å"cyberculture† that we are a part of has truly changed the way we currently live our lives. If we use new technologies to enhance learning and not it’s primary source we as a culture, a â€Å"cyberculture† will be able to make even greater advances than previously anticipated. Presently the need for actual printed textbooks is on the decline and is sure to c ontinue as we move further into the future. I was first introduced to computers in the early 1980’s and have witnessed first hand the advancements we as a culture have made over the past twenty years. I have gone from the green screen that we learned create a program that would make our name repeat itself on the screen, to creating a full functioning web page. The computer games have come a long way as well. There were two games on our school computers when I first started, â€Å"Lemonade stand† and â€Å"Lawnmower†. These were very basic games that were very badly animated if you could chose to call it animation. These games didn’t have a hand controller since the â€Å"Joy stick† wasn’t invented yet. The games of today look as though a movie crew has filmed them. The first word processing programs had to be loaded by disk each time you wanted to use them and were quite expensive. Today the programs are already loaded and stored in the computer and the expense is ve ry minimal. Our word processing programs can check for spelling and punctuation errors as well as grammar mistakes. For those who have grown up with this option it may not seem like a big deal but for those of us that learned to type on a typewriter that wasn’t even electric these advances are enormous.

Holmes and Watson Essay

Holmes requires Watson for companionship, for company, but more importantly as a sort of bodyguard, someone who will protect him. We have already seen, for example, how Holmes always lets Watson take the gun, for he himself does not want to be directly involved in any sort of violence. Holmes also bounces all of his theories and assumption of Watson, to see what his opinion is in the matter â€Å"What do you make it Watson† He would ask, just to see what Watson thought of the whole situation. Watson is someone who is not as clever or imaginative as Holmes, so he needs to follow Holmes lead, watching what Holmes does. Watson can be seen as the foil of the sword, Holmes being the tip of the sword. You can see that they both need each other to function efficiently, or neither work as well. Watson, although he doesn’t always have an important role in the stories, still has a important role because he is the narrator of the story, which means he is the link which connects us to Holmes world and he is the one who shows us the character of Holmes. At the start of the ‘Speckled Band’, we see the intimacy of these two friends â€Å"I woke one morning to find Sherlock Holmes standing, fully dressed, by the side of my bed. † This scene shows how close the two friends are, and shows that their relationship as one which is very intimate, very close. When Holmes introduces Watson here, he shows us that he regards Watson here as an equal telling Mrs Hudson that â€Å"This is my intimate friend and associate, Dr Watson before whom you can speak as freely as before myself†. Whilst Holmes doesn’t always regard Watson as an equal, perhaps this a time were he does. Watson is sort of a sound board that Holmes can relay his ideas off of, often asking for Watson’s opinion. He does this perhaps so that he can see if Watson does or does not agree with him, or perhaps so that we can here what Holmes makes of it. Another reason why Watson is our link towards Sherlock Holmes, why Watson is so very Important. During the Speckled band Watson is beside Holmes to protect Holmes form danger, in particular Dr Grimsby Roylott. There relationship in all of the stories is pretty similar, with Watson simply observing Holmes’s actions, whilst adding in personal thoughts of his own. Holmes and Watson are a team however, they solve the cases together. Although Holmes will sometimes not always require Watson’s protection, but also even some ideas â€Å"What do you make of that Watson? † Watson for example, during the adventure of ‘The Silver Blaze’ figures out something which Holmes could not see â€Å"The Horse was alone before† discovers Watson as he notices a mans tracks alongside the horses. Whilst Watson can figure out certain things for himself, he like Sergeant Gregory lacks the imagination that Holmes has. This is often why Watson can not see beyond the picture, and therefore cannot discover things as quickly as Holmes. Holmes and Watson used to live as bachelors until Holmes got married in Which shows that their relationship may not of only have grown so intimate during their adventures, but also because the were living together. Also at the start of the ‘Sliver Blaze’ and the ‘Speckled band’, we clearly see just from picturing the seen how close they are. In the ‘speckled band’ Holmes is standing next to Watson’s bed apologising from waking him. In the ‘silver blaze’, they are sitting down together having breakfast with each other. These scenes show that they have a very deep relationship. Watson’s marriage also affects their relationship because it means that they no longer live with each other and therefore may have grown apart. The conclusion of my studies shows that Holmes and Watson are more than simply associate. They have an intimate and deep friendship, which is strengthened through their adventures together. Holmes and Watson work best during the investigations together, combining their different qualities and strengths to help them solve the case. Holmes in the relationship is the more dominant figure, intellectually smarter than Holmes and mainly contributing to the case itself using his powerful powers of observation and imagination. Watson however, is more down to Earth and his role is to assist Holmes by protection (carrying the gun, accompanying Holmes) and being the link between Holmes and us. He is also there perhaps to keep Holmes and check, for when he worries about Holmes smoking. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

Wellness programs try to Be welcoming

AH, July: an ideal time of year for morning runs, long swims, family bike rides and picnic tables laden with seasonal produce. In short, it’s healthy time.  Unfortunately, it’s also health care time — when managers must contend with rising health insurance premiums as they plan next year’s budget.  What is a cost-conscious manager to do? The answer of the moment is to provide a wellness program, promoting healthy behavior year-round.According to a survey by the Hay Group, a consulting firm, more than half of all large companies offer some combination of services like nutrition education, weight management assistance, health risk assessments, and help with quitting smoking; more than a quarter offer things like fitness coaching and discounts on health club memberships.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I was basically out of the business for the better part of the decade,† said Michael Carter, a vice president at Hay responsible for employee health management consulting. â€Å"Now everybody’s my new best friend.†On the surface, it is hard to see anything wrong with urging employees to tone up and trim down. A fitter work force is a happier work force, and less costly, too.  But wellness programs can be minefields. Some employees may resent the programs, viewing them as examples of father-knows-best intrusiveness. At least one program has even formed the background for a lawsuit.The biggest challenge of wellness programs is to reach the employees who would get the most out of them. Gym rats will always take advantage of benefits like discounted health club memberships — but they would probably work out anyway, and discounts may not be enough for those who are seriously overweight or out of shape.  Personalized incentives like fitness coaching and nutrition counseling are often a better way to reach employees in the middle group who just need a little encouragement. It is also crucial to make accommodations for disabled emplo yees.And the tone taken is crucial: who wants the boss telling you to eat your spinach? A program that feels coercive will probably never be as popular as one with positive incentives, like cheaper health insurance.  Employees respond best to wellness programs that are presented as a form of organizational change, rather than as a top-down imposition of new requirements, according to a study of 243 employees by Ellen Ernst Kossek, a professor of human resource management and organizational behavior at Michigan State University, and two colleagues.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"It shouldn’t be, ‘Here’s this program,’ † she said. â€Å"It should be linked to ‘How do we make a workplace that’s healthy for everyone.’ †Ã‚  Scotts Miracle-Gro has one of the most extensive wellness programs on offer. Services include personalized fitness coaching and a $5 million wellness center at its headquarters in Marysville, Ohio, with a gym and medical facili ties. The company also has a policy against hiring workers who smoke, where state law permits.Participation in Scotts’ wellness programs is high — but the company has also seen an unexpected side effect from its efforts.  Last year, Scott Rodrigues filed suit against the company in Massachusetts, saying that Scotts fired him after a drug test found nicotine in his system and that the company’s antismoking policy violated his civil rights.  Harvey Schwartz, Mr. Rodrigues’s lawyer, said the case was also an example of benefits discrimination, where a company dismisses an employee to avoid high benefits costs.  In a motion to dismiss the case, which is pending, Scotts said that Mr. Rodrigues had not actually been hired but had been offered a job on the condition that he pass a drug screen, including a test for nicotine.â€Å"When you look at controlling costs,† said Su Lok, a Scotts spokeswoman, smoking â€Å"is something that employers are rea lly taking a stand on.† The company had no comment on the specific case because it is ongoing.  Union Pacific Railroad has had a smoother ride with its longstanding wellness program. The proportion of health insurance claims related to lifestyle has dropped by 11 percentage points over 11 years, said Marcy Zauha, the company’s director for health and safety.Union Pacific, based in Omaha, offers some companywide wellness benefits, including health risk assessments and stop-smoking plans. But much of the program, including regional walking contests and group weight-loss efforts, is administered locally. Managers’ health promotion initiatives are included in their annual reviews.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"We’ve tried to build health into our existing culture,† Ms. Zauha said.Fiserv, a financial services technology company based in Brookfield Wis., created a wellness program in 2005 to better recruit and retain employees.  Fiserv employees who fill out a health risk assessment receive a sizable discount on their monthly health insurance premium. There are also companywide fitness challenges: in a recent eight-week walking contest, participants were issued pedometers, and anyone who walked 7,000 steps a day received a prize.Teams have to been known to question whether their rivals really log the number of steps claimed. But that was fine with Linda Schuessler, manager of wellness promotion.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"As long as they’re engaged,† Ms. Schuessler said, â€Å"we don’t really mind those concerns.†(this is the copyofth article from NY Times,http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/22/business/yourmoney/22mgmt.html?ex=1186113600&en=ded5f6bb661041b0&ei=5070#)Journal AssignmentThe concept at hand is about how managers and company heads would make the most out of their companies by introducing a healthy lifestyle to their employees. It is evident that today, health care costs are so high that rising health insurance premiums would surely be in the way of budgeting for the company (Holland). Obviously, these company heads and managers should not jeopardize the health of their employees, that they should provide the necessary things for their wellness. But surely, this would cost them that it wouldn’t be that easy to pull out strings and fix the budget. That is why these managers should resort to a way that would be more cost effective and keep them from harms way of these health care costs.The article discusses how managers and company heads employ human resource management in order to do away with the costly expenses of health care and health insurances that they provide to the employees. But this doesn’t mean that they neglect the health of these working people. It is true that these people are very important to the company, that these companies need them in order to be productive, which is why it is important that their every need will be given to them or will be addressed.What these company leaders and managers do is that they make sure that these employees are healthy so that they can avert the spending that they’ll have to give when any of these gets sick or has health problems. In order not to shoulder the burden of health care and health insurance premiums, they offered to keep them fit in their own ways.In order to do so, these companies offer basically every health guidance and services that they can offer to the employees. These includes educating them regarding nutrition and proper diet, weight management assistance, health risk assessments and checkups, fitness coaching and giving out memberships for fitness groups and health clubs. Through this, the company themselves are able to ensure that their employees are fit and are far from harms way, thus saving them the costs of health care for these people. Thus, the companies’ budgets will not be greatly affected.If you would relate this approach in human resource management, you could see that this is more on the incentive aspect, wherein you provide your employees something that would keep them going to work. For those who are concerned with their health and well-being, they would surely grab the opportunity of free health club memberships and nutrition education. This is positive for the company, since the employees themselves are the ones who initiate in keeping themselves healthy. Remember, the main concern of the company in this issue is how they can do away with the extra costs of health care and health insurance premiums for their employees.Regarding the effectiveness of this approach, the article states that there are already several large-scale companies who adopted this system. They have their own health clubs and offer free membership to their employees. They say that these greatly helps them in cutting costs, thus the allotted budget for healthcare would be saved. There are still some who are not that much into health stuffs, people who think that nutrition education is l ike intruding with their lives. These people are those who would most likely have health risks and should be given enough consideration in order to engage them in these health programs.Human resource management surely entails various levels of dealing with the people you are handling. This includes how you handle them, and the ways on how you are able to manage them, making them do what they’re suppose to do. This is where healthcare comes in, wherein their safety and well being is not only their concern, but should also be the company’s priority. When their wellness goes down, the company goes down as well, in terms of both manpower and monetary aspects.Reference:Holland, K. (2007). Wellness Programs Try to Be Welcoming, Too. The New York Times. Published July 22, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2007, from http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/22/business/yourmoney/22mgmt.html?ex=1186113600&en=ded5f6bb661041b0&ei=5070# Wellness Programs Try to Be Welcoming AH, July: an ideal time of year for morning runs, long swims, family bike rides and picnic tables laden with seasonal produce. In short, it’s healthy time.Unfortunately, it’s also health care time — when managers must contend with rising health insurance premiums as they plan next year’s budget.What is a cost-conscious manager to do? The answer of the moment is to provide a wellness program, promoting healthy behavior year-round.According to a survey by the Hay Group, a consulting firm, more than half of all large companies offer some combination of services like nutrition education, weight management assistance, health risk assessments, and help with quitting smoking; more than a quarter offer things like fitness coaching and discounts on health club memberships.â€Å"I was basically out of the business for the better part of the decade,† said Michael Carter, a vice president at Hay responsible for employee health management consulting. â€Å"Now everybody’s my new best friend.†On the surface, it is hard to see anything wrong with urging employees to tone up and trim down. A fitter work force is a happier work force, and less costly, too.But wellness programs can be minefields. Some employees may resent the programs, viewing them as examples of father-knows-best intrusiveness. At least one program has even formed the background for a lawsuit.The biggest challenge of wellness programs is to reach the employees who would get the most out of them. Gym rats will always take advantage of benefits like discounted health club memberships — but they would probably work out anyway, and discounts may not be enough for those who are seriously overweight or out of shape.Personalized incentives like fitness coaching and nutrition counseling are often a better way to reach employees in the middle group who just need a little encouragement. It is also crucial to make accommodations for disabled employees.And the tone ta ken is crucial: who wants the boss telling you to eat your spinach? A program that feels coercive will probably never be as popular as one with positive incentives, like cheaper health insurance.Employees respond best to wellness programs that are presented as a form of organizational change, rather than as a top-down imposition of new requirements, according to a study of 243 employees by Ellen Ernst Kossek, a professor of human resource management and organizational behavior at Michigan State University, and two colleagues.â€Å"It shouldn’t be, ‘Here’s this program,’ † she said. â€Å"It should be linked to ‘How do we make a workplace that’s healthy for everyone.’ †Scotts Miracle-Gro has one of the most extensive wellness programs on offer. Services include personalized fitness coaching and a $5 million wellness center at its headquarters in Marysville, Ohio, with a gym and medical facilities. The company also has a pol icy against hiring workers who smoke, where state law permits.Participation in Scotts’ wellness programs is high — but the company has also seen an unexpected side effect from its efforts.Last year, Scott Rodrigues filed suit against the company in Massachusetts, saying that Scotts fired him after a drug test found nicotine in his system and that the company’s antismoking policy violated his civil rights.Harvey Schwartz, Mr. Rodrigues’s lawyer, said the case was also an example of benefits discrimination, where a company dismisses an employee to avoid high benefits costs.In a motion to dismiss the case, which is pending, Scotts said that Mr. Rodrigues had not actually been hired but had been offered a job on the condition that he pass a drug screen, including a test for nicotine.â€Å"When you look at controlling costs,† said Su Lok, a Scotts spokeswoman, smoking â€Å"is something that employers are really taking a stand on.† The company ha d no comment on the specific case because it is ongoing.Union Pacific Railroad has had a smoother ride with its longstanding wellness program. The proportion of health insurance claims related to lifestyle has dropped by 11 percentage points over 11 years, said Marcy Zauha, the company’s director for health and safety.Union Pacific, based in Omaha, offers some companywide wellness benefits, including health risk assessments and stop-smoking plans. But much of the program, including regional walking contests and group weight-loss efforts, is administered locally. Managers’ health promotion initiatives are included in their annual reviews.â€Å"We’ve tried to build health into our existing culture,† Ms. Zauha said.Fiserv, a financial services technology company based in Brookfield Wis., created a wellness program in 2005 to better recruit and retain employees.Fiserv employees who fill out a health risk assessment receive a sizable discount on their monthly health insurance premium. There are also companywide fitness challenges: in a recent eight-week walking contest, participants were issued pedometers, and anyone who walked 7,000 steps a day received a prize.Teams have to been known to question whether their rivals really log the number of steps claimed. But that was fine with Linda Schuessler, manager of wellness promotion.â€Å"As long as they’re engaged,† Ms. Schuessler said, â€Å"we don’t really mind those concerns.†(this is the copy of the article from NY Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/22/business/yourmoney/22mgmt.html?ex=1186113600&en=ded5f6bb661041b0&ei=5070#)Journal AssignmentThe concept at hand is about how managers and company heads would make the most out of their companies by introducing a healthy lifestyle to their employees. It is evident that today, health care costs are so high that rising health insurance premiums would surely be in the way of budgeting for the company (Holland). O bviously, these company heads and managers should not jeopardize the health of their employees, that they should provide the necessary things for their wellness. But surely, this would cost them that it wouldn’t be that easy to pull out strings and fix the budget. That is why these managers should resort to a way that would be more cost effective and keep them from harms way of these health care costs.The article discusses how managers and company heads employ human resource management in order to do away with the costly expenses of health care and health insurances that they provide to the employees. But this doesn’t mean that they neglect the health of these working people. It is true that these people are very important to the company, that these companies need them in order to be productive, which is why it is important that their every need will be given to them or will be addressed. What these company leaders and managers do is that they make sure that these empl oyees are healthy so that they can avert the spending that they’ll have to give when any of these gets sick or has health problems. In order not to shoulder the burden of health care and health insurance premiums, they offered to keep them fit in their own ways.In order to do so, these companies offer basically every health guidance and services that they can offer to the employees. These includes educating them regarding nutrition and proper diet, weight management assistance, health risk assessments and checkups, fitness coaching and giving out memberships for fitness groups and health clubs. Through this, the company themselves are able to ensure that their employees are fit and are far from harms way, thus saving them the costs of health care for these people. Thus, the companies’ budgets will not be greatly affected.If you would relate this approach in human resource management, you could see that this is more on the incentive aspect, wherein you provide your empl oyees something that would keep them going to work. For those who are concerned with their health and well-being, they would surely grab the opportunity of free health club memberships and nutrition education. This is positive for the company, since the employees themselves are the ones who initiate in keeping themselves healthy. Remember, the main concern of the company in this issue is how they can do away with the extra costs of health care and health insurance premiums for their employees.  Regarding the effectiveness of this approach, the article states that there are already several large-scale companies who adopted this system. They have their own health clubs and offer free membership to their employees. They say that these greatly helps them in cutting costs, thus the allotted budget for healthcare would be saved. There are still some who are not that much into health stuffs, people who think that nutrition education is like intruding with their lives. These people are th ose who would most likely have health risks and should be given enough consideration in order to engage them in these health programs.Human resource management surely entails various levels of dealing with the people you are handling. This includes how you handle them, and the ways on how you are able to manage them, making them do what they’re suppose to do. This is where healthcare comes in, wherein their safety and well being is not only their concern, but should also be the company’s priority. When their wellness goes down, the company goes down as well, in terms of both manpower and monetary aspects.Reference:Holland, K. (2007). Wellness Programs Try to Be Welcoming, Too. The New York Times. Published July 22, 2007. Retrieved August 1, 2007, from http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/22/business/yourmoney/22mgmt.html?ex=1186113600&en=ded5f6bb661041b0&ei=5070#